Gasotransmitters and their influence on autism spectrum disorders - a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biochemistry
• Genetics

Background:

• Gasotransmitters (nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide) are vital for physiological processes including neurotransmission and neuroinflammation.
• Dysregulation of gasotransmitter pathways is implicated in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition.
• Understanding gasotransmitter roles in ASD is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets.

Approach:

• A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.
• Searched for studies published between 2000 and 2024 investigating NO, CO, and H2S in relation to ASD.
• Analyzed 28 original articles focusing on gasotransmitter type, study model, and their role as risk or protective factors in ASD.

Key Points:

• Results indicate a significant correlation between gasotransmitters and ASD.
• Elevated levels of NO and CO are associated with increased ASD severity and symptoms, potentially serving as risk factors or biomarkers.
• Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exhibits a distinct correlation pattern with ASD compared to NO and CO.

Conclusions:

• Gasotransmitters play a significant role in the pathophysiology and severity of autism spectrum disorder.
• While NO and CO appear to be risk factors, the role of H2S requires further investigation.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex relationship between these endogenous gaseous molecules and ASD.