Circadian Disruption and Sleep Disorders in Astronauts: A Review of Multi-Disciplinary Interventions for Long-Duration Space Missions

Area of Science:

• Space exploration
• Astronaut health
• Circadian biology

Background:

• Long-duration space missions introduce environmental stressors like microgravity and radiation.
• These stressors disrupt astronaut circadian rhythms, leading to sleep disorders.
• Disrupted sleep negatively impacts astronaut health, cognition, and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review established and novel countermeasures for sleep disorders in astronauts.
• To address the challenges of circadian rhythm disruption during deep space exploration.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of established countermeasures.
• Exploration of innovative approaches for sleep regulation.

Main Results:

• Established countermeasures include pharmacological interventions, light therapy, and work-rest optimization.
• Innovative strategies involve gut microbiota modulation and traditional Chinese medicine.
• A comprehensive approach is needed to manage astronaut sleep disturbances.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of circadian rhythm disruptions and sleep disorders is crucial for astronaut well-being and mission success.
• Combining traditional and novel strategies offers a promising path for future space exploration.